þÿ<html> <!-- Created on: 29.08.2008 --> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251"> <title>')-VAB>@VO->70GG8=0;</title> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="author" content="Shagaj Andrij"><META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="1; URL=http://ochakiv.mk.ua"> <meta name="generator" content="AceHTML 6 Pro"> <link rel=StyleSheet type=text/css href=main.css> </head> <body marginheight="0" marginwidth="0"> <img src="IMG/HEAD_UA.GIF" class=HEADER> <table width="100%" height="30" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td><img src="BG/MENU_SEP_L.GIF"><td/> <td class=MENU><a class=M href="index.html">3>;>2=0</a></td> <td><img src="BG/MENU_SEP.GIF"><td/> <td class=MENU><a class=M href="history_ua.html">VAB>@VO</a></td> <td><img src="BG/MENU_SEP.GIF"><td/> <td class=MENU><a class=M href="now_ua.html">AL>3>45==O</a></td> <td><img src="BG/MENU_SEP.GIF"><td/> <td class=MENU><a class=M href="rest_ua.html">2V4?>G8=>:</a></td> <td><img src="BG/MENU_SEP.GIF"><td/> <td class=MENU><a class=M href="contact_ua.html">:>=B0:B8</a></td> <td><img src="BG/MENU_SEP.GIF"><td/> <td class=MENU><a class=M href="map_ua.html"><0?0&nbsp;A09BC</a></td> <td><img src="BG/MENU_SEP.GIF"><td/> <td class=LANG> <img class=F src="IMG/FLAG_UA.GIF"><a href="index_ru.html"><img class=F src="IMG/FLAG_RU.GIF" border="0"></a></td> <td><img src="BG/MENU_SEP_R.GIF"><td/> </tr> </table> <table summary="" border="0"> <tr> <td class=PATTERN> <img class=INSERTION> </td> <td class=COL_L> <table class=MENU_L border="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> <tr> <td><a class=M_L href="olvia_ua.html">!B0@>402=O<br>;L2VO</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>>70GG8=0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class=M_L href="sovok_ua.html"> 04O=I8=0</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class=M_L href="independ_ua.html">570;56=VABL</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class=M_L href="monument_ua.html">0<'OB=8:8</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> </td> <td class=PATTERN> <img class=INSERTION> </td> <td class=COL> <h1>>70:8 V :>70FB2></h1> <p class=epig_R> "0H0 A;020 :>70FL:0O =5 =0 ?0?5@V ?8A0=0,<br> ;VA0<8, 30O<8, 109@0:0<8 2>=0 70:>;8A0=0..." </p> <p class=avtor>>70FL:0 ?VA=O<br></p> <div class=content> <p>&V ;N48 =07820;8AO «:>70:8», <>65, 2V4 B0B0@AL:>3> A;>20 «:0970:», I> 7=0G8BL «2V;L=89 G>;>2V:», «157AB@0H=89 2>O:».  I> :>70:8 68;8 70 ?>@>30<8 =V?@0, B> WE =0720=> B0:>6 70?>@>6FO<8..</p> <img src="IMG/Repin_Cossacks.jpg" width="100%" alt=" T?V= - 0?>@>6FV ?8HCBL ;8AB0 BC@5FL:><C AC;B0=C" border="0"> <p>!?5@HC 68;8 :>70:8 =525;8:8<8 3C@B0<8 ?> AB5?0E; B0< 2>=8 ?>;N20;8, 0 =0 78<C 25@B0;8AO :@04L:8 2 A5;0. ;5 ?V7=VH5 73C@BC20;8AO @07>< C 25;8:V 2V9AL:>2V 703>=8, 2818@0;8 A>1V A2>WE >B0<0=V2 V 68;8 @07>< =0 25;8:8E >AB@>20E A5@54 @V:8 =V?@0. "5 <VAF5 =07820;>AO !VG,- 01> !VG>289 VH, 1> >AB@V2 1C2 2V43>@>465=89 (2V4AVG5=89) =02:>;> =0G5 :VH V 4> =L>3> =5 1C;> ?@8ABC?C.  BV9 !VGV :>70:8 78<C20;8 V 2V4?>G820;8 ?> ?>E>40E =0 B0B0@ V BC@:V2 ?V4 ?@>2>4>< A2>3> :5@V2=8:0, I> 9>3> =07820;8 10BL:><, >B0<0=>< 01> :>H>28<. "0:V :>70FL:V 20B038 ?>AB0;8 265 2 XV 2VFV.</p> <p>5@HV 72VAB:8 ?@> :>70:V2 70?8A0=V 2 E@>=V:0E V ;VB>?8A0E C65 2 1492 @>FV. ">4VH=V9 :@8<AL:89 E0= =0@V:02 «8O=8 V G5@:0AFV @>718;8 B0B0@AL:89 :>@015;L ?V4 "O38=5N». 0ABC?=>3> @>:C 7=>2 BC@5FL:89 AC;B0= 60;VTBLAO >;LIV, I> :>70:8 ?V4 ?@>2>4>< :=O7O >340=0 ;8=AL:>3>, AB0@>AB8 G5@:0AL:>3>, 7@C9=C20;8 BC@5FL:C D>@B5FN G0:V2. "CB =07820T AC;B0= F8E ;N459 28@07=> «:>70:0<8». V4 B>3> G0AC 265 157?5@5AB0=:C ?>2B>@NNBLAO =0?048 :>70:V2 =0 B0B0@ V BC@:V2.</p> <p>C65 A:C?V VAB>@8G=V 2V4><>ABV <0T<> ?@> ?5@H8E A?@026=VE :>70FL:8E >B0<0=V2, I> 2>48;8 :>70:V2, ?>:8 I5 =5 1C;> !VGV. AB>@VO 70?8A0;0 :V;L:0 V<5= B0:8E >B0<0=V2, O:V 289H;8 =5 7 ?0=V2, 0 7 1V4=8E CBV:0GV2, O:V 2A;028;8AO 2V4203>N V 70 B5 WE 281@0=> >B0<0=0<8. "0:8<8 1C;8 0@?> 0A;> 7 '5@:0A, O:89 74>1C2 BC@5FL:C B25@48=N G0:V2, /F:> V;>CA 7 5@5OA;020, =4@CH:> 7 @0F;020 V 5AC=. AV 2>=8 28ABC?0;8 2 ?>;>28=V XVI AB>;VBBO (2 1530 1550 @>:0E).</p> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-4618228377145950"; /* 468x60, A>740=> 21.10.08 */ google_ad_slot = "7165764949"; google_ad_width = 468; google_ad_height = 60; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <p>!0<5 =04 '>@=8< <>@5< ?@0IC@8 =0HV A:>;>B8 4020;8 2V4AVG ?5@A0< 0@VO, ?>BV< <0:54>=FO< 8;8?0; A0<5 '>@=5 <>@5 ?0<'OB0T A;02=V ?>E>48 =0 V70=BVN 4@C68= :=O7V2 =0H8E, 0 ?>BV< ;8F0@V2 A;02=>3> V9AL:0 0?>@>7L:>3>.</p> <!-- <a href="http://www.spas.net.ua/index.inc.php?section=morski_pohody" target="_blank"><h2>'    ) !%",!/,     </h2></a> --> <div style="text-align: center"><a href="IMG/morpohody_map.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="IMG/morpohody_map_m.jpg" alt=">@AL:V ?>E>48 :>70:V2" border="0"></a> <br>0@B0 ?V43>B>2;5=0 A>FV0FVTN "0E8AB8<> %>@B8FN" 4;O 0FV>=0;L=>3> 70?>2V4=8:0 "%>@B8FO"</div> <h2>%0@0:B5@8AB8:0 ?5@54C<>2 <>@AL:8E 10B0;V9.</h2> <p>A<0=AL:89 D;>B, =5 2V4GC20NG8 =0;56=>W ?@>B84VW, AB02 ?>2=>2;04=8< 3>A?>40@5< =0 !5@5475<=><C B0 '>@=><C <>@OE. 0 AC;B0=0 5E<540 II $0B8E0 (02>9>2=8:0) 2 1475 @. >A<0=8, <0NG8 D;>B 7 300 :>@01;V2, 70E>?8;8 VB0;V9AL:V :>;>=VW 0DC 9 >A?>@ (5@G) C @8<C, "0=C (7>2) C 45;LBV >=C, 0B@53C ("0<0=L), Ma=y (=0?C) V >?C =0 C10=V, ;V:2V4C20;8 :@8<AL:5 0=3C?A:>5 :=O7V2AB2>, ?>BV< 702>N20;8 :@8<AL:V VB0;V9AL:V :>;>=VW '5<10;> (0;0:;02C) V !>;409N (!C40:), >?0=C202H8 B8< A0<8< 2AV<0 AB@0B53VG=8<8 ?C=:B0<8 C715@566O @8<C 9 "0<0=AL:>3> ?V2>AB@>20. </p> <p> 1475 @. @8<AL:5 E0=AB2> AB0;> 20A0;L=8< CB2>@5==O< C A:;04V A<0=AL:>W 45@6028. AV G>@=><>@AL:V ?>@B8 @8<C 2 1478 @. 2V4V9H;8 157?>A5@54=L> 4> "C@5GG8=8; E0=AB2C 70;8H8;8 ;8H5 >48=  57;52 (2?0B>@VN). </p> <p>5;8:5 8B>2AL:>- CAL:5 :=O7V2AB2> =><V=0;L=> 2B@0B8;> G>@=><>@AL:5 C715@566O <V6 CABO<8 =V?@0 9 =VAB@0  <VAB0-D>@B5FV >FN1VW2 (B5?5@ 45A0) B0 0HV2 (=8=V G0:V2), I> <0;8 A;>2'O=AL:5 =0A5;5==O. A<0=AL:>W V<?5@VTN 1492 @>:C 1C;0 ?>=>2;5=0 9 24>A:>=0;5=0 0HV2AL:0 (G0:V2A:0) D>@B5FO, I> AB0;0 D>@?>AB><-AB>@>65< =0 28E>4V 7 =V?@0.</p> <p>;5 =0;56=0 2V4?>2V4L =0I04:V2 A:>;>BV2-A0@<0BV2 B0 20@O3V2-@CAV2 =5 7010@8;0AO& .</p> <p>)5 40;5:>3> 1490 @>:C «G5@:0AFV :8W2AL:V» E>48;8 ?V4 G0:V2.</p> <p>1540 @>:C ?@>A;02;5=89 >1>@>=5FL C:@0W=AL:>3> ?>3@0=8GGO 10@AL:89 AB0@>AB0 5@=0@4 @5B28G 42VGV 2818@02AO CA?VH=> =0 B0B0@. 5@H89 @07 B>4V, =025A=V, :>;8 :V;L:0A>B WE 7 G0:>20 B0 V;3>@>40 ?CAB>H8;8 >:>;8FV 0@0 B0 %<V;L=8:0. @5B28G ?5@5A;V4C202 WE 06 4> «15@570=AL:8E 25@E>28=», 45 2872>;82 50 ?>;>=5=8E V 70E>?82 1000 :>=59, C B><C G8A;V 450 BC@5FL:8E.</p> <p>0ABC?=>3> @>:C @5B28G 7=>2C :8=C2AO 2 ?>3>=N 70 >@48=FO<8. AL O: >?8ACT WW 2V4><89 ?>;LAL:89 E@>=V:5@ 0@B8= T;LAL:89: « 5@=0@4 @5B28G, AB0@>AB0 10@AL:89, 20@B89 ?0<'OBV 2AVE =0A, ?CAB82AO 70 =8<8 7 =525;8:8< G8A;>< :>70:V2 V G5<5@8AV2, ?@89H>2 70 =8<8 06 ?V4 G0:V2, 0;5 265 701@0=V 2 =52>;N 1C;8 =0 :>@01;OE, 257;8 WE C 0DC =0 ?@>406. ;0:02, 482;OG8AO =0 WE=N 1V4C, ?@><>2;ONG8: O: 18 O @0489 1C2 20A 28@OBC20B8, :>;8 1 <V3 ».</p> <p>5;8:8< B0:B8G=8< <8AB5FB2><, 70 A2V4G5==O<8 ACG0A=8:V2, 1C;> 282545==O D;>B8;VW G09>: 7 =V?@0 2 <>@5 ?>1VG BC@5FL:>W D>@B5FV  G0:>20, O:0 AB>O;0 2 38@;V FVTW @V:8. '09:8 9H;8 70 B5GVTN @V:8 2 AB@>N, >4=0 70 >4=>N. >?5@54C  42V, O: @>72V4:0, ?>BV< G09:0 ?>EV4=>3> >B0<0=0, 0 70 =5N  2AV V=HV. 5@54 D;>B8;VTN 70 B5GVTN @VG:8, ?CI5=V :>70:0<8, ?;82;8 25;8:V 4C18 7 3V;:0<8 01> 10;:8, >1:>20=V 70;V7><, 4;O ?@>@820==O ;0=FN3V2, O:V ?5@53>@>46C20;8 38@;> =V?@0. </p> <p>8E>48;8 =0 '>@=5 <>@5 :>70:8 B0:8<8 B@L><0 A?>A>10<8. #=>GV ?CI5=V 70 B5GVTN @V:8 10;:8 ?@>@820;8 2 :V;L:>E <VAFOE ;0=FN38, O:V ?5@53>@>46C20;8 =V?@>. "C@:8 >4@07C 6 =0:@820;8 F5 <VAF5 2>3=5< 7 30@<0B. 5@5:>=02H8AL G5@57 O:89AL G0A, I> =0 2>4V A?>:V9, 2>=8 ?5@5AB020;8 AB@V;OB8. ">4V ?@8E>20=V 2 B5<@O2V G09:8 28E>48;8 :@V7L ?@>@20=V <VAFO C 2V4:@8B5 <>@5. </p> <p>V;LH B@C4><VAB:8< 1C;> ?5@5?@02;5==O G09>: =0 20;:0E ACE>4>;>< 2V4 =V?@0 =0 @V:8, I> ABV:0;8 2 7>2AL:5 <>@5. 0AB>A>2CNG8 F59 A?>AV1, :>70:8 2>4=>G0A >@30=V7>2C20;8 >1>@>=C 2V4 B0B0@, O:V <>3;8 =0;5BVB8 =0 @>73>@=CB89 :>70FL:89 AB@V9. VA;O 28E>4C =0 7>2AL:5 <>@5 70?>@>6FV 1C;8 C 157?5FV V A?>:V9=> 28?;820;8 7 =L>3> 2 '>@=5 <>@5. </p> <p>"@5BV< A?>A>1>< 1C;> D>@AC20==O 38@;0 =V?@0 71@>9=>N A8;>N. "@0?;O;>AO F5 B>4V, :>;8 :>70:V2 ?5@54G0A=> 28:@820;8, 0 BC@5FL:89 D;>B, I> AB>O2 ?V4 G0:>2><, 1C2 A;01:89. </p> <p>)5 A:;04=VH8<, =V6 28EV4 C <>@5, 1C;> ?>25@=5==O 2 =V?@>. V;O G0:>20 <0965 702648 G5:0;0 WE BC@5FL:0 D;>B8;VO. @V< FL>3>, ?@>AC20B8AO ?@>B8 B5GVW ?5@53>@>465=>W ;0=FN30<8 @VG:8 1C;> 206:>, 0 2 728G0W :>70:V2, :@V< CAL>3>, 1C;> ?>25@B0B8AO 4> 0?>@>66O 7 CAV< 74>1CB8< B0 7 G09:0<8. @>7C<V;>: ;8H5 70 A?@8OB;828E C<>2 <>3;8 70?>@>6FV ?@>E>48B8 157?5G=> A0<5 FVTN 4>@>3>N. 5@5206=> ?>25@B0;8AO V=H8<8 42><0 H;OE0<8. </p> <p>0 3  4 <8;V =0 AEV4 2V4 G0:>20, 2 ;8<0=V, :>70:8 28E>48;8 V7 G09>: V BO3=C;8 WE C715@566O<. >BV<, 28I5 G0:>20, ?5@5BO30;8 WE C =V?@> V 157?5G=> ?>25@B0;8AO =0 !VG. </p> <p>7>2AL:8< <>@5<, 7 =L>3> @V:0<8 4> =V?@0  B0:, O: ?V4 G0A ?5@5E>4C =0 '>@=5 <>@5. !?>A>1>< F8< :>@8ABC20;8AO B>4V, :>;8 1V;O G0:>20 AB>O;0 <VF=0 BC@5FL:0 D;>B8;VO 01> :>;8 7 ?>E>4C ?>25@B0;>AO 20 25 G09>:. @8 FL><C :>70:8 B0:>6 >@30=V7>2C20;8 >1>@>=C 2V4 B0B0@, O:V =0<030;8AO 2V42>N20B8 B5, I> 1C;> =0 G09:0E. </p> <p>0?>@>6FV, 7<CH5=V 4> 1>@>BL18 7 BC@5FL:8<8 C3@C?>20==O<8, ?@89<0;8 1V9 V =09G0ABVH5 28E>48;8 7 =L>3> ?5@5<>6FO<8. =0;8 2>=8, I> ?>B@0?8B8 4> BC@5FL:>3> ?>;>=C  F5 7=0G8BL 1CB8 <CG5=8< V B>@BC@>20=8<, B><C =5 74020;8AO, 2>;V;8 7038=CB8 2 1>N.</p> <p>>E>48 70?>@>7L:8E D;>B8;V9 G09>: >@30=V7>2C20;8AO G0AB>. 5@HV ?>E>48, O: ?@028;>, >1<56C20;8AO 38@;>< =V?@0, 2 >A=>2=><C 4> >:>;8FL G0:>20...</p> <p>13 6>2B=O 1545 @>:C, =0?@8:;04, 2VAV<A>B :>70:V2 ?V4 ?@>2>4>< A0G:0 7 @0F;020, 0@?0 0A;0 B0 20=0 5@6:0 7 '5@:0A ?V4?;82;8 2=>GV =0 B@84FOB8 42>E G09:0E ?V4 G0:V2. >=8 74>1C;8 70<>:, C182H8 42>E V ?>@0=82H8 G>B8@L>E G>;>2V: 7 BC@5FL:>W 70;>38, B@84FOBL 42>E 1C;> 27OB> 2 ?>;>=.  G8A;0 >AB0==VE 4204FOBL >AV1 70?;0B8;8 70 A515 28:C? =0 AC<C 40 600 0A?@, V :>70:0< 4VAB0;>AO WE=L>3> <09=0 =0 AC<C 19 000 0A?@. @V< B>3>, :>70:8 <0;8 I5 36 800 0A?@ >:C?C 70 B@84FOBL V=H8E ?V440=8E; 2 #:@0W=C B0:>6 2V4V3=0;8 97 :>=59. #AL>3> BC@5FL:89 AC;B0= @0EC202 H:>4C =0 AC<C 97 000 0A?@.</p> <p>1552 @>:C :@8<AL:89 E0= A:0@682AO ?>;LAL:><C :>@>;N: « >70:8 20HV, =V?@>< 2>4>N ?V4V9H>2H8, ?V4 70<>: 9>3> <8;>ABV FVA0@O BC@5FL:>3>, ?V4 G0:V2, :>@015;L V7 ;N4L<8 27O;8 » [50, A. 85].  265 ?VA;O B>3>, 7 ?@8E>4>< =0 4=V?@>2AL:V >AB@>28 5;8:>3> A0@<0B>-@CAL:>3> :=O7O, 2 68;0E O:>3> B5:;0 :@>2 V N@8:>28GV2 V >@81CB>28GV2,  <8B@0 20=>28G0 8H=525FL:>3>, >@30=V7>20=5 =8< V9AL:> 0?>@>7L:5 ?>G0;> @53C;O@=> 2818@0B8AO =0 <>@5. 5@5;><=8< I>4> ?>40;LH>W 2>;V-4>;V 70?>@>7L:>3> :>70FB20 AB0;> 9>3> 35BL<0=C20==O. "0:>6 A0<5 2V= ?>A?@8O2 @>72>N >=AL:>3> :>70FL:>3> 2V9AL:0, ?>AB0282H8 <VAB> '5@:0AL: =0 >=C. V4 9>3> 4>18 V 06 4> 2V:>?><=>3> 1768 @. 4=V?@>2AL:V V 4>=AL:V :>70:8 1C;8, O:I> =5 T48=8< FV;8<, B>, ?@8=09<=V, :@>2=8<8 ?>1@0B8<0<8.  1030B> 7CA8;L 4>25;>AO 4>:;0AB8 >A:2V, I>18 ?@89H;> 4> B0:>W 30=51=>W ?>4VW, O: C2'O7=5==O< 4>=FO<8 AB0@H8= 35BL<0=AL:>3> C@O4C .0;V7=O:0 2 %>;>4=><C /@C.</p> <p>12 AVG=O 1583 @. 4> @0:>20 ?@81C2 BC@5FL:89 G0CH 7 ;8AB0<8 2V4 AC;B0=0 V 2V78@0. "C@:8 28<030;8 2V4H:>4C20==O 718B:V2, O:8E 2>=8 707=0;8 ?V4 G0A =>28E =0?04V2 :>70:V2 =0 G0:V2 V V;3>@>4. G5284=>, I> 2>=8 2V41C;8AO 45AL 2 ;8AB>?04V-3@C4=V 1582 @>:C. >70FL:89 703V= :V;L:VABN 2 ?'OBA>B G>;>2V: =0 G>;V 7 O:8<>AL 8H:>N (?) =0?02 =0 ?5@54<VABO G0:>20, 701@02 1030B> :>=59, EC4>18 V 25;8:89 ?>;>=. !C;B0= ?@O<> 2:07C202 =0 CG0ABL C ?>E>4V ;N459 8H=525FL:>3> (:=O7O 8E09;0 8H=525FL:>3>, 10BL:0 T@5<VW, O:89 =0 B>9 G0A 1C2 AB0@H8< 0?>@>7L:>3> 2V9AL:0): "...;N48 AB0@>AB8 G5@:0AL:>3> 2 G>2=0E @07>< 7 :>70:0<8 ?V4'W6460;8 =V?@>< ?V4 70<>: <V9 G0:V2, G8=8;8 25;8:V H:>48 V 25;8:V CB8A:8" [ Rps.KCrnik.  280.  F.18v,.22v  37, Dyajryusze sejmowe r.1585 // Scriptores rerum polonicarum.  KrakCw, 1901, F.22v., 26; Rps.Czart.  90.  S.9, 11; Dopierala K. Op.cit.  S.125.] .</p> <p>65 C AVG=V 1587 @>:C AC;B0= =04VA;02 G0CH0 7V A:0@3>N, I> 2V4@07C ?VA;O A<5@BV :>@>;O !B5D0=0 0B>@VO :>70:8 A?CAB>H8;8 >:>;8FV "O38=V [Sas J. Stosunki polsko-tureckie w pierwszych latach Zygmunta III // Przegl?d powszechny.  1897.  n.55.]. 5AL C B@02=V-;8?=V :>70:8 7@C9=C20;8 V;3>@>4 [Hejdensztejn R. Dzieje Polski.  Petersburg, 1857.  T.2. ] V G0:V2. >EV4 =0 >AB0==V9 AB02AO 45AL C ;8?=V.  A2V4G5==O, I> 4> >G0:V2AL:>3> 70<:C 2>=8 ?V4ABC?8;8 2=>GV, 2845@;8AO =0 9>3> ABV=8 ?> 4@018=0E, 0 ?>BV< ?>3@01C20;8 V A?0;8;8 70<>:, <VAB> V =02:>;8H=V A5;0 [@CH52AL:89 .!. AB>@VO #:@0W=8- CA8.  .  L2V2, 1909.  ".7.  !.169; Sas J. Op.cit.  S.115; Dyajryusze sejmowe r.1587.  S.68; Bielski J. Op.cit.  S.33.]. </p> <p>9 A5@?=O 1588 @>:C AB0;> 2V4><>, I> :=O7V C68=AL:V 7V1@0;8 G>B8@8 B8AOGV :>70:V2 V @CH8;8 "?52=5" =0 V;3>@>4 7 =0<V@>< 27OB8 F59 70<>:. C68=AL:V, >G5284=>, 1@0;8 CG0ABL V C <8=C;>@VG=><C =0?04V =0 G0:V2, 1> <0;8 =0<V@ 701@0B8 A>1V 7 0?>@V66O B@>D59=V 30@<0B8 [ Rps.Czart.  93.  S.609. ]. >6;82>, I> FO V=D>@<0FVO =>2>3> G5@:0AL:>3> AB0@>AB8 ;5:A0=4@0 8H=525FL:>3> 70DV:AC20;0 ?>G0B>: ?>E>4C C @84=VAB@>2'O, 45 :>70:8 =0?0;8 =0 BC@:V2, O:V AB>O;8 =0 :>@4>=V [Sas J. Stosunki polsko-tureckie w pierwszych latach Zygmunta III // Przegl?d powszechny.  1897.  n.55.]. BV<, <>20 <>3;0 9B8 V ?@> ?>EV4 :>70:V2 =0 C715@566O @8<C <V6 >7;>2>< (2?0B>@VO) V 5@5:>?><. 0 <>A:>2AL:8< 465@5;><, :>70:8 :V;L:VABN B8AOG0 ?'OBA>B G>;>2V: 28A048;8AO 7 <>@O V A?CAB>H8;8 AV<=04FOBL AV;. !C;B0= =02VBL ?>3@>6C202 E0=C ?>:0@0==O<, O:I> B>9 4>?CA:0B8<5 ?>4V1=V =0?048 [!>;>29>2 !.. !>G8=5=8O.  =.4.  ".7.]. </p> <p class=avtor><a href="http://www.spas.net.ua/index.inc.php?section=morski_pohody" target="_blank">5B0;L=VH5 ?@> <>@AL:V ?>E>48 :>70:V2 =0 A09BV "!?0A" - www.spas.net.ua - DVFV9=V9 V=B5@=5B-AB>@V=FV >70FL:>3> 1@0BAB20 1>9>2>3> 28G0N !?0A</a><br></p> <hr> <h2>B0<0=-E0@0:B5@=8: 20= !V@:></h2> <img src="IMG/Sirko.jpg" alt="20= !V@:>" border="0"> <p>...# 1659 @>FV 2V9AL:>20 @040 70?>@>6FV2 ?@>3>;>A8;0 20=0 !V@:0 :>H>28< >B0<0=>< V9AL:0 0?>@>7L:>3> 87>2>3>.</p> <p># 1660 @>FV :>70FL:89 4>7>@ 4>?>2V2 !V@:C, I> BC@:8 70:840NBL 38@;> =V?@0 25;8:8< :0<V==O<, B0:8< A?>A>1>< 70:@820NBL :>70:0< 28EV4 C <>@5. >H>289 7V1@02 5000 :>70:V2, ?>;>28=C 7 O:8E ?>A0482 =0 G09:8, V 7 ACHV B0 ;8<0=C 240@82 ?> G0:>2C. # ?>E>4V !V@:> @>7:8402 BC@5FL:C D>@B5FN G0:V2, 0 @07>< 7 =5N V 2V41C4>20=89 BC@:0<8 A;0=-5@<5=.</p> <p>!C;B0= 7<CH5=89 1C2 7=>2C =0?@028B8 4> G0:>20 A2V9 D;>B, O:89 ?>G02 2 ;8<0=V 25AB8 ?>ABV9=5 G5@3C20==O. !V@:> B5@?V2 B0:5 «7CE20;LAB2>» 4> 1663 @>:C. <VF=82H8 A2V9 D;>B 30@<0B0<8, 2;VB:C 1663 @>:C .!V@:> 28@CH82 C <>@AL:89 ?>EV4 V 4VAB02AO 06 C=0N, 45 4>1@5 ?>H0@?02 ?@815@56=V <VAB0. 0 72>@>B=><C H;OEC ?V4 G0:>2>< BC@5FL:89 D;>B 7CAB@V2 9>3> D;>B8;VN. V41C;0AO 25;8:0 18B20, O:0 B@820;0 B@8 4>18. V :>70:8, =V BC@:8 ?5@5<>38 2 =V9 =5 7=09H;8. ">4V !V@:>, O: :>;8AL !030940G=89, 28A046CT :>70FB2> =0 15@53 V, 7=O2H8 30@<0B8 7 G09>:, ACE>4>;>< ?>?@O<CT @07>< 7 =8< 21 25@5A=O ?@81C2 =0 !VG.</p> <p># 1665 @>FV BC@:8 E>BV;8 28A048B8 A2V9 45A0=B ?@O<> ?V4 !VGGN. >70FL:0 @>72V4:0 28AB568;0, O: C =V?@> C2V9H;8 :V;L:0 BC@5FL:8E 30;5@. V4?CAB82H8 WE ?>1;86G5, !V@:> 0B0:C202 V 2AV ?CAB82 =0 4=>, 0 60 BC@5FL:8E 2>O:V2 4>AB0;8AO :>70:0< 2 ?>;>=.</p> <p>0;V 4>;O !V@:0 7=>2C 7<V=NTBLAO. # 1667 @>FV 2V= C65 =5 :>H>289, 0 ?>;:>2=8: (C?@028B5;L) <VAB0 <VT20 =0 %0@:V2I8=V. #?52=82H8AL C «1@0BAL:8E» ?>GCBBOE <>A:>2AL:8E 2>T2>4, A0< 04<V=VAB@0B>@ ?V4=O2 ?@>B8 =8E 2A5;N4=5 ?>2AB0==O V ?>G02 @C10B8 <>A:>2AL:V 2V9AL:>2V 703>=8. "0 A5;O=8 =5 1C;8 ?>2=>FV==8<8 :>70:0<8, V 1V9 70 %0@:V2 !V@:> ?@>3@02. > @5GV, F5 T48=0 ?@>3@0=0 =8< 18B20.</p> <p>;VB:C 1670-3> 20= !V@:> 265 =0 !VGV, V A8;0<8 A2>TW D;>B8;VW 7=>2C 27O2AO «=V?@ >G8AB8B8 4;O 28E>4C =0 <>@A:>9 ?CBL».  >G8AB82 G0:V2 2V4 BC@:V2, 70E>?82 1030B> ?>;>=5=8E.</p> <p># 1678 @. 4> '838@8=0 ?@89H;> 200 B8AOG BC@5FL:8E V B0B0@AL:8E 2V9AL:, W< ?@>B8AB>O;8 70-B8AOG=0 F0@AL:0 0@<VO 9 50 B8AOG C:@0W=AL:8E :>70:V2.  F59 ?>EV4 28O282AO 157?;V4=8< 4;O BC@5FL:>-B0B0@AL:8E 2V9AL:, E>G 2>=8 9 709=O;8 V 7@C9=C20;8 <VAB>. V4 G0A 4@C3>3> '838@8=AL:>3> ?>E>4C 70?>@>7L:5 2V9AL:> <0;> 70240B8 C40@V2 ?> B8;0E BC@5FL:>-B0B0@AL:8E 2V9AL:.</p> <p>A=>2=V A8;8 70?>@>6FV2, O:V >G>;N202 20= !V@:>, 4VO;8 =04 8<0=><. 0 2V9AL:>2V9 @04V 28@VH8;8 7=8I8B8 25;8:89 <>@AL:89 B@0=A?>@B V7 ?@>4>2>;LAB2><, :>B@89 1C2 2V4?@02;5=89 V7 >=AB0=B8=>?>;O.  G0:>2V E;V1=V 70?0A8 G5@57 <V;:>2>44O =V?@0 1C;8 ?5@520=B065=V 7 15 :0B>@3 V 7 :>@01;V2 =0 130 4@V1=8E AC45=. 2V4B8 ?0H0 @CH82 4> 878-5@<5=O, :>B@89 BC@5FL:5 :><0=4C20==O =0<030;>AO 28:>@8AB0B8 O: ?@>4>2>;LGC 107C 4;O ?>AB0G0==O A2>WE 2V9AL:.</p> <p>0?>@>6FV ?@>?CAB8;8 BC@5FL:V :>@01;V 2 =V?@>, 0 ?>BV< V7 B8;C 240@8;8 ?> =8E. V9 1C2 :>@>B:89. >70:8 7=8I8;8 BC@:V2, 0 3@51FV2 :0B>@3  ?>;>=5=8E  2872>;8;8. # ;8ABV 4> !0<>9;>28G0 20= !V@:> ?8A02: «& ;8?=O 12 G8A;0 ?@>B8 @0A=O:>20 =0 38@;V 0@015;L=><, C40@82 =0 BV 2AV AC4=0, >2>;>4V;8 TA<8 =8<8 >4=5 BV;L:8 AC4=> 2VB@8;0<8 9 <=>38<8 3@51FV CH;>». C;> 27OB> 500 ?>;>=5=8E, 0 B0:>6 70E>?;5=> 7 30@<0B, 20 ?@0?>@V2 V 2A5 ?@>4>2>;LAB2>. ;O BC@5FL:>3> 2V9AL:0, O:5 9 4> B>3> B5@?V;> 2V4 =5AB0GV ?@>4>2>;LAB20 V DC@06C, F5 1C;0 25;8:0 2B@0B0.</p> <p>0;8H82H8 G0AB8=C 2V9AL: 7 OA8@>< B0 70?0A0<8 ?@>4>2>;LAB20 2 0@48H8=V B0 2V4?@0282H8 ?>;>=5=8E 4> C:@0W=AL:>3> 35BL<0=0, 0 BC@5FL:>3> =0G0;L=8:0  2 >A:2C, =87>25 70?>@>7L:5 2V9AL:> =0 G>;V 7 20=>< !V@:>< ?VH;> «=0 C3 : BC@A:><C <>ABC 8 70AB025». 0?>@>7L:V :>70:8 A?0;8;8 BC@5FL:V <>AB8, 7=8I8;8 20@BC 9 70E>?8;8 1030B> ?V42>4 V7 @V7=8<8 70?0A0<8, I> =0?@02;O;8AL C '838@8=. V78@ 7<CH5=89 1C2 2V4?@028B8 <>;402AL:>3> B0 2>;>AL:>3> 3>A?>40@V2 7 2V9AL:>< 4;O 2V41C4>28 <>ABV2.</p> <p># 72'O7:C 7 ?V43>B>2:>N 4> =>2>3> =0ABC?C AC;B0=AL:89 C@O4 I5 =025A=V 1679 @. ?@8ABC?82 4> A?>@C465==O 2 ?>=877OE =V?@0 42>E D>@B5FL-«3>@>4:V2». "C@5FL:89 C@O4 C65 402=> <02 =0<V@ 71C4C20B8 =0 =V?@V D>@B5FV, O:V 1C;8 1 >?>@=8<8 ?C=:B0<8 ?V4 G0A ?>E>4V2 =0 V2>15@56=C #:@0W=C. 25-B8AOG=5 2V9AL:> <0;> 28ABC?8B8 ?@>B8 0?>@>7L:>W !VGV. !0<5 7 F8< BC@5FL:8< ?>E>4>< VAB>@8G=0 B@048FVO ?>2'O7CT 7=0<5=8BC 2V4?>2V4L 70?>@>6FV2 B0 WE=L>3> :>H>2>3> >B0<0=0 20=0 !V@:0 BC@5FL:><C AC;B0=C.</p> <p>AB0==L>N A?@02>N D;>B>2>4FO 20=0 !V@:0 AB0;0 >@30=V70FVO <>@AL:>3> ?>E>4C 2 7>2AL:5 <>@5 2;VB:C 1680 @>:C. >@C9=C202H8 :@8<AL:V <VAB0, 70?>@>6FV 2 A5@?=V 70E>?8;8 2 1>N BC@5FL:89 :>@015;L, 2872>;8;8 =52V;L=8:V2, 0 5:V?06 27O;8 2 ?>;>=.</p> <p>>25@B0NG8AL 7 ?>E>4C 2 1680 @>FV, AB0@89 :>H>289 70=54C602 V 2V41C2 =0 A2>N ?0AV:C ?>1;87C A5;0 @CHV2:0. "0<, =0 A2>T<C ECB>@V, V ?><5@ 1 A5@?=O. 0ABC?=>3> 4=O, 2 A5@?=O, =5?5@5<>6=>3> D;>B>2>4FO, O: V =0;568BL <>@O:0<, 1>9>2>N G09:>N ?5@5257;8 =0 !VG, 45, 70 A2V4G5==O< ;VB>?8AFO 5;8G:0, ?>E>20;8 7 25;8:8<8 ?>G5ABO<8, 7 30@<0B=>N AB@V;L1>N CAV< V9AL:>< 0?>@>7L:8< =0 F28=B0@V '>@B><;8FL:>W !VGV. >23> ?>BV< #:@0W=>N A?V20;8 :>170@V: « =0 0?>@>66V :>H>289 !V@:>, 20B03 A8;L=89, ?><5@».</p> <p>0?>@V7L:V :>70:8 I5 =5 @07 74V9A=N20;8 ?>E>48 =0 C715@566O V =5 @07 HBC@<C20;8 G0:V2, 06 4> HBC@<C 2 1788 @., :>;8, 7024O:8 A0<5 :>70:0<, @>AV9AL:5 2V9AL:> ?V4 :><0=4C20==O< :=O7O ..>BL><:V=0 74>1C;> D>@B5FV V=1C@= B0 G0:V2.</p> <p>;5 4;O >A:28 =5 ;8H5=L V<'O, 0 9 ?0<'OBL ?@> !V@:0 1C;0 =5?@8?CAB8<>N. V4 G0A 60E;82>3> @C9=C20==O !VGV V =8I5==O :>70FL:8E <>38; 5B@><  C 1709 @>FV 1C;> A?;N=4@>20=> V <>38;0 A;02=>3> >H>2>3> >B0<0=0& </p> <p>>6;82> A0<5 .!V@:> V AB02 =0 ?5@5H:>4V I>4> >AB0B>G=>3> ?V4?>@O4:C20==O 9 ?>3;8=5==O :>70FB20, 0 @07>< 7 =8< #:@0W=8 "C@5GG8=>N. "0 0=0;>3VG=0 C3>40 1654 @. 7 >A:>2VTN, 45 :@V< .%<5;L=8FL:>3> >4=C 7 ?5@H8E A:@8?>: 3@0;> C:@0W=AL:5 ?@02>A;02=5 4CE>25=AB2>, ?@8725;0 4> 2B@0B8 45@6028, 0 G5@57 F5 V 7=8I5==O A0<>3> :>70FB20.</p> <hr> <h2>>70FB2> ?VA;O ;V:2V40FVW 0?>@V7L:>W !VGV</h2> <p># 1783 @>FV, C %5@A>=V ?>G0;>AO AB2>@5==O '>@=><>@AL:>3> :>70FL:>3> 2V9AL:0.  2 G5@2=V 1788 @>:C =0 2>40E =V?@>2AL:>-C7L:>3> ;8<0=C 2V41C;8AO 70?5:;V 10B0;VW, O:V 2V4:@8;8 A?8A>: ?5@5<>3 A;02=8E :>70:V2-G>@=><>@FV2.</p> <p>VA;O ;V:2V40FVW C 1775 @>FV 0?>@>7L:>W !VGV <0965 ?>;>28=0 :>70:V2, =5 1060NG8 ?>B@0?8B8  C <>A:0;V", ?VH;0 2 BC@5FL:V 75<;V, CB2>@82H8 04C=09AL:C !VG. ">20@8AB2>, O:5 70;8H8;>AO =0 10BL:V2I8=V, =0;VGC20;> ?>=04 5 B8AOG E>@>1@8E, 4>A2V4G5=8E 2>W=V2. !5@54 =8E 1C;0 9 ?5@5206=0 1V;LHVABL ?@54AB02=8:V2 :>70FL:>W AB0@H8=8. >H>2V, >B0<0=8, >A02C;8, ?>;:>2=8:8 70:@V?8;8 70 A>1>N 25;8:V <0TB:8, >B@8<C20;8 G8=8, ?5@5E>48;8 =0 4V9A=C A;C61C 4> @>AV9AL:>W 0@<VW.</p> <p>;5 70?>@>6FV2 =5 ?>;8H0;0 4C<:0 2V4@>48B8 :>70FL:5 2V9AL:>. "0 9 A0< 35=5@0;-3C15@=0B>@ >2>@>AVW :=O7L . . >BL><:V= - :>;8H=V9 B>20@8H CIV2AL:>3> :C@5=O @8FL:> 5G>A0 - =524>27V ?5@5A2V4G82AO C =5>1EV4=>ABV :>70FB20 O: >E>@>=8 ?@8G>@=><>@AL:8E :>@4>=V2 45@6028, 0 B0:>6 7=0G=>W A8;8 =0 28?04>: 2V9=8 7 "C@5GG8=>N. ">4V 730402 2V= ?@> A2>WE  1@0BG8:V2->4=>:C@V=FV2", ?@> WE 402=V ?@>?>78FVW 2V4=>28B8 V9AL:> 0?>@>7L:5 =0 B8E C<>20E, =0 O:8E VA=C20;> >=AL:5 :>70FB2>.</p> <p>1 ;8?=O 1783 @>:C .. >BL><:V= 28402 ?@>:;0<0FVN ?@> CB2>@5==O 2V9AL:>2>3> :>70FL:>3> D>@<C20==O C A:;04V B8AOGV G>;>2V: - 500 :V==>B=8:V2 B0 500 ?VH8E 4;O A;C618 C D;>B8;VW. VAF5< 71>@C >E>G8E 4> A;C618 70?>@>6FV2 1C;> ?@87=0G5=> %5@A>=. G>;8;8 FN A?@02C =01;865=V 4> >BL><:V=0 2V4><V ?@54AB02=8:8 70?>@>7L:>W AB0@H8=8: 2V9AL:>289 >A02C; !84V@ V;89, ?>;:>2=8: 0E0@V9 '5?V30, ?>;:>289 AB0@H8=0 =B>= >;>20B89, 0 B0:>6 28E>45FL V7 70?>@>6FV2, 1@83048@ @>AV9AL:>W 0@<VW . . !8=5;L=8:>2.</p> <p># A5@?=V 1787 @>:C @>7?>G0;0AO @>AV9AL:>-BC@5FL:0 2V9=0, 4;O O:>W =5>1EV4=V 1C;8 7=0G=V A8;8. >;8H=VE 70?>@>6FV2 72V4CAV;L A:;8:0;8 4> :>70FL:>3> 2V9AL:0.  AVG=O 1788 @>:C 2>=8 A:;0;8 ?@8AO3C =0 2V@=VABL, 0 22 AVG=O V<?5@0B@8FO 0B5@8=0 II, =0@5HBV, ?V4?8A0;0 C:07 ?@> CB2>@5==O V9AL:0 2V@=8E :>70:V2. V9AL:>28< >B0<0=>< :>70FL:0 @040 >1@0;0 0@<VW ?V4?>;:>2=8:0 !84>@0 =0B>28G0 V;>3>, O:89 V7 <>;>48E @>:V2 A;C682 C 0?>@>7L:><C 2V9AL:C, 2V47=0G82AO C @>AV9AL:>-BC@5FL:V9 2V9=V 1768-1774 pp.</p> <p>VH V@=8E :>70:V2 @>7B0HC202AO 1V;O 1C@'W2:8 B0 =0 @54CB0E =0 V=1C@=AL:V9 :>AV. V= 1C2 ?V4?>@O4:>20=89 35=5@0;-0=H5DC . . !C2>@>2C, :><0=4CNG><C 2V9AL:0<8 ?@8 %5@A>=V B0 V=1C@=V.</p> <p>V9AL:> 2V@=8E :>70:V2 3>BC20;>AO 4> 1>9>28E 4V9. !84V@ V;89 C %5@A>=V >B@8<02 >71@>T==O B0 1>T?@8?0A8. # @5<5=GCFV B0 =0 %5@A>=AL:V9 25@DV 1C4C20;8AO :>70FL:V G>2=8, >71@>T=V 30@<0B0<8. >T==V 4VW 1788 @>:C @>73>@B0;8AO =0 =V?@>2AL:>-C7L:><C ;8<0=V. V9AL:0 @83>@VO >BL><:V=0 @>7?>G0;8 >1;>3C BC@5FL:>W D>@B5FV G0:V2, 0;5 7 <>@O BC@5FL:89 D;>B ?V42>782 ?@8?0A8 B0 2V9AL:0. >;>2=8< 70240==O< 1C;> =59B@0;V7C20B8 2>@>689 D;>B A8;0<8 8<0=AL:>W D;>B8;VW '>@=><>@AL:>3> D;>BC, O:0 107C20;0AO 2 %5@A>=V B0 =0 =V?@>2AL:>-C7L:><C ;8<0=V. @51=0 G0AB8=0 D;>B8;VW <0;0 51 AC4=>, 0 ?0@CA=0 5A:04@0 -14, C B><C G8A;V ;V=V9=V :>@01;V B0 D@530B8. 5@V2=8FB2> D;>B8;VTN 4>@CG8;8 :>=B@-04<V@0;0< ?@8=FC 0@;C 0AA0C-V35=C B0 H>B;0=4FN 6>=C >;L 6>=AC, O:89 =5704>23> 4> ?@8W74C 2 >AVN ?@>A;0282AO C 2V9=V 70 =570;56=VABL !?>;CG5=8E (B0BV2 <5@8:8.</p> <p># %5@A>=AL:><C 04<V@0;B59AB2V =5>1EV4=V ?@83>BC20==O ?@>2>48;8AO :>=B@-04<V@0;>< . !. >@428=>28<. 0 ;8<0=AL:V AC4=0 1C;8 ?5@540=V A>;40B8 45:V;L:>E E5@A>=AL:8E ?>;:V2 =0 G>;V 7 V=65=5@-?>;:>2=8:><, 3>;>2=8< 1C4V2=8G8< %5@A>=0 . . >@A0:>28<.</p> <p>25 B@02=O 1788 @>:C BC@5FL:0 5A:04@0 C2V9H;0 2 ;8<0= V 28H8:C20;0AO 2 ;V=VN 10B0;VW. '0AB8=0 WW AC45= 70;8H8;0AO 2 <>@V, I>1 =5 2?CAB8B8 4> ;8<0=C @>AV9AL:89 !520AB>?>;LAL:89 D;>B. # 2V4?>2V4L 8<0=AL:0 D;>B8;VO 0AA0C B0 5A:04@0 6>=A0 ?>G0;8 ?@>AC20B8AO 4> 38@;0 V245==>3> C3C, 1 G5@2=O =0 7'T4=0==O 7 =8<8 @CH8;8 G>2=8 >HC V@=8E :>70:V2.</p> <p>@0=FV, 7 G5@2=O, BC@5FL:89 :0?VB0=-?0H0 :8=C2 C 1V9 36 AC45=. 02'O70;0AO 18B20, O:0 ?@>4>26C20;0AO 4> ?V2=>GV. 0?>@>7L:V G>2=8 1@0;8 =0 01>@406 BC@5FL:V :>@01;V. $;>B AC?@>B82=8:0 1C2 ?@8<CH5=89 2V4ABC?8B8 4> G0:>20, 2B@0B82H8 3 :>@01;V. 17 G5@2=O @>AV9AL:0 3@51=0 D;>B8;VO B0 ?0@CA=0 5A:04@0 0B0:C20;8 BC@5FL:89 D;>B. 06:V ;V=V9=V :>@01;V BC@:V2 ?>2=VABN 2B@0G0;8 <0=52@5=VABL =0 <V;:>2>44V ;8<0=C. !?>G0B:C AV2 =0 <V;8=C 64-30@<0B=89 :>@015;L, 70 =8< - 04<V@0;LAL:89. %0A0=-?0H0 2@OBC202AO =0 H;N?FV 9 ?@>4>26C202 :5@C20B8 1>T<. 4<V@0;LAL:89 D;03 1C2 70E>?;5=89 @>AV9AL:8<8 <>@O:0<8. "0:0 30=51=0 2B@0B0 2?5@H5 A?VB:0;0 BC@5FL:89 D;>B. >;8 1C2 ?V4V@20=89 >48= V7 BC@5FL:8E :>@01;V2, A5@54 BC@:V2 ?>G0;0AO ?0=V:0. # =VG =0 18 G5@2=O :0?VB0=-?0H0 28@VH82 2825AB8 A2V9 D;>B V7 ;8<0=C, 0;5 ?V4 G0A 74V9A=5==O FVTW >?5@0FVW BC@5FL:V :>@01;V ?>B@0?8;8 ?V4 2>3>=L 10B0@59 !C2>@>20 =0 V=1C@=AL:V9 :>AV 9 AC45= 3@51=>W D;>B8;VW. >73@>< BC@5FL:>3> D;>BC 1C2 ?>2=8<: 7030;L=V 2B@0B8 A:;040;8 15 AC45=, 6 B8AOG G>;>2V: 218B8<8 9 ?>@0=5=8<8, 1;87L:> 2 B8AOG ?>;>=5=8<8. B@0B8 @>AV9AL:>3> D;>BC =5 ?5@528I8;8 190 G>;>2V:.</p> <p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p> <p># 6>2B=V 1788 @>:C . . >BL><:V= 4>@CG82 =B>=C >;>20B><C 70E>?8B8 BC@5FL:5 C:@V?;5==O =0 >AB@>2V 5@570=L, O:5 ?V4B@8<C20;> G0:V2. @0=FV, 6 6>2B=O, :>70FL:V  4C18" ?V4V9H;8 4> A:5;OAB8E 15@53V2 >AB@>20. >70:8, 27O2H8 =0 ?;5GV 30@<0B8, ?V4 2>3=5< BC@5FL:8E 10B0@59, AB@V<:> 0B0:C20;8 2>@>30 V 709=O;8 5@570=L. 0 F59 ?>4283 >;>20B89 1C2 =03>@>465=89 5>@3VW2AL:8< E@5AB><.</p> <p>5@>W7< B0 A0<>2V440=VABL '>@=><>@AL:V :>70:8 28O28;8 ?@8 HBC@<V BC@5FL:8E D>@B5FL %0468159, V;VO, 5=45@8, 7<0W; B0 2 V=H8E :@>2>?@>;8B=8E 18B20E.</p> <p># 1790 @>FV :=O7L >BL><:V= ?>>1VFO2 G>@=><>@FO< 70 ?>42838 75<;V <V6 V245==8< C3>< B0 =VAB@>< 4> '>@=>3> <>@O. ;5 5 6>2B=O 1791 @>:C 5;8:89 5BL<0= 2AVE :>70FL:8E 2V9AL: ?><5@, 0 9>3> >1VFO=:C F0@AL:89 C@O4 A:0AC202. =B>= >;>20B89 A:;02 ?VA=N, O:C 7 AC<>< A?V20;8 :>70:8:</p> <p class="epig_R">!;C68;8 2V@=> C ?>;V 9 =0 <>@V.<br> "0 9 >AB0;8AL C1>3V V 1>AV, V 3>;V.</p> <p># 1792 @>FV >;>20B89 2B@5BT ?>WE02 4> 5B5@1C@30 ?@>A8B8 75<5;L 4;O '>@=><>@AL:>3> 2V9AL:0. &L>3> @07C 0B5@8=0 II  40@C20;0" :>70:0< 75<;V =0 C10=V, O:V B@510 1C;> 70E8I0B8 2V4 :02:07L:8E 3>@FV2. !0< >;>20B89 >B@8<02  =0 4>@>3C" 25;8:89 ?>@F5;O=>289 :CE>;L 7 ?>@B@5B>< V<?5@0B@8FV, =0?>2=5=89 G5@2V=FO<8.</p> <p>#?@>4>26 1792-1793 pp. =0 C10=L ?5@5A5;8;8AO ?>=04 5 B8AOG :>70:V2, 70 =8<8 @CH8;8 :>70FL:V AV<'W B0 2AV, EB> 10602 7 #:@0W=8 ?@8AB0B8 4> G>@=><>@FV2. 0 1840 @V: C 59 :C@5=OE '>@=><>@AL:>3> 2V9AL:0 <5H:0;> 1;87L:> 100 B8AOG G>;>2V:. # 1860 @>FV 1C;> AB2>@5=5 C10=AL:5 :>70FL:5 2V9AL:>, >A=>2=>N A:;04>2>N O:>3> AB0;8 G>@=><>@FV.  4>=8=V 72CG8BL =0 C10=V C:@0W=AL:0 <>20, 0 =0I04:8 70?>@>7L:8E :>70:V2 15@56CBL ?@04V4V2AL:C VAB>@VN, O:0 @>7?>G8=0;0AO =0 %5@A>=AL:V9 75<;V.</p> <p class=avtor>0B5@8=0 '>@=0</p> <hr> <p>/:I> 8 E>G5B5 4V7=0B8AO 1V;LH5, <a href="mailto:Crockus@i.ua?subject= <>3> A09BC"> ?8HVBL</a>, O 7 @04VABN 0< 2V4?>2V<, 0;5 :@0I5 2A5 ?>10G8B8 A2>W<8 >G8<0, 2V4GCB8 4CH>N V BV;>< 2AN ;03V4=VABL >G0:V2AL:>3> A>=FO, ?>2VB@O V <>@O!</p> </div> </td> <td class=PATTERN> <img class=INSERTION> </td> <td class=COL_R> <!-- Begin METEOPROG.UA informer --> <a href="http://www.meteoprog.ua/ua/weather/Ochakov/" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.meteoprog.ua/ua/informerget/?type=29&city[]=Ochakov&color=0000FF&txtcolor=FFFF00" border="0" alt=">3>40 2 G0:>2V" title=">3>40 2 G0:>2V"></a> <!-- End METEOPROG.UA informer --> </td> <td class=PATTERN> <img class=INSERTION> </td> </tr> </table> <table align="center" width="60%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center"> <tr> <td>|<td/> <td><a class=M_B href="index.html">3>;>2=0</a></td> <td>|<td/> <td><a class=M_B href="history_ua.html">VAB>@VO</a></td> <td>|<td/> <td><a class=M_B href="now_ua.html">AL>3>45==O</a></td> <td>|<td/> <td><a class=M_B href="rest_ua.html">2V4?>G8=>:</a></td> <td>|<td/> <td><a class=M_B href="contact_ua.html">:>=B0:B8</a></td> <td>|<td/> <td><a class=M_B href="map_ua.html"><0?0 A09BC</a></td> <td>|<td/> </tr> </table> </body> </html>